If you’re learning a new language—especially French—you’ve probably encountered terms like A1, B2, or “intermediate level.” These aren’t just random designations. They’re part of a standardized international framework called the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, or CEFR for short.

In this comprehensive guide, you’ll find the CEFR levels explained in detail—what each level means, what you can do at each stage, and how to use this system to track your progress, prepare for exams like TEF or DELF, and reach your language learning goals.

What Is the CEFR?

The CEFR is an internationally recognized system used to describe language proficiency. Originally developed by the Council of Europe, it provides a common basis for describing the skills needed to communicate effectively in a foreign language.

This framework is now widely used across Europe and around the world in schools, universities, immigration systems, and language testing programs (like TEF, TCF, IELTS, and more).

In this post, we’ll focus on CEFR levels explained from A1 to B2, which cover beginner to upper-intermediate learners. These are the most commonly tested and required levels for practical use and certification.

The 6 CEFR Levels at a Glance

While C1 and C2 are ideal long-term goals for fluency, A1 to B2 are where most learners spend their time—and where most certifications focus.

Let’s look at the CEFR levels explained in depth from A1 to B2.

A1 – Beginner (Breakthrough Level)

This is the absolute starting point for language learners.

At A1, you’re learning the building blocks of the language: the alphabet, basic vocabulary, and simple sentence structure.

What You Can Do at A1:

• Introduce yourself and others

• Ask and answer simple personal questions (e.g., age, nationality, job)

• Use everyday phrases like greetings and farewells

• Understand slow, clear speech with repetition

Example:

“Je m’appelle Marie. Je suis étudiante. J’habite à Brampton.”

Who This Level Is For:

• Complete beginners

• Learners just starting a French course

• Anyone preparing for DELF A1 or an immigration language requirement at the basic level

At A1, communication is limited, but it’s the essential foundation for your future progress.

A2 – Elementary (Waystage Level)

The A2 level builds on what you learned at A1. You’re still dealing with simple situations but with more vocabulary and functional grammar.

What You Can Do at A2:

• Talk about your routine, work, shopping, or family

• Describe basic needs and immediate environments

• Understand frequently used expressions related to areas of immediate relevance

• Interact in simple conversations if the other person speaks slowly

Example:

“Je travaille dans un restaurant. Je commence à 9 heures et je finis à 17 heures.”

Who This Level Is For:

• Learners with some experience (3–6 months of study)

• Candidates preparing for the DELF A2 exam

• People who want to travel or live short-term in a French-speaking country

At this stage, you’re gaining the ability to survive in French—ordering food, asking for directions, and handling simple conversations.

B1 – Intermediate (Threshold Level)

Reaching B1 means you’ve become an independent user. You can handle more complex interactions and are starting to think in the language.

What You Can Do at B1:

• Understand the main points of spoken and written texts on familiar topics

• Deal with most travel situations without major issues

• Write short connected texts on personal interests or experiences

• Describe events, opinions, and plans

Example:

“L’année dernière, j’ai voyagé en France. C’était une expérience incroyable. J’ai parlé avec beaucoup de gens et j’ai amélioré mon français.”

Who This Level Is For:

• Learners who’ve studied French for about 1 year or more

• TEF or DELF B1 exam candidates

• Students or professionals preparing to live abroad

This is a major milestone where your communication becomes functional and fluent in everyday situations.

B2 – Upper Intermediate (Vantage Level)

The B2 level is the benchmark for academic, professional, and immigration-related use of French. It represents strong language skills and comfort with abstract topics.

What You Can Do at B2:

• Understand the main ideas of complex texts, including technical discussions

• Interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity

• Express opinions clearly in speech and writing

• Write essays or reports on various subjects

Example:

“À mon avis, parler plusieurs langues est un atout majeur dans le monde professionnel. Cela montre la capacité d’adaptation et favorise les opportunités.”

Who This Level Is For:

• Those applying for Canadian PR (CLB 7–9 = B2)

• Students pursuing higher education in French-speaking countries

• Professionals working in international or bilingual environments

B2 is where language learning starts to become a powerful career and immigration tool.

Why It Helps to Have the CEFR Levels Explained

Understanding where you stand—and where you’re going—lets you:

• Set realistic goals (e.g., “I want to move from A2 to B1 in 6 months”)

• Choose the right learning resources based on your current level

• Prepare effectively for language tests like TEF, DELF, or TCF

• Track progress in a measurable, globally accepted way

• Meet official requirements for study, work, or immigration

How Can You Know Your CEFR Level?

Not sure where you fall on the scale? Here’s how to find out:

1. Take an online placement test (many free tools available)

2. Ask a certified teacher for an assessment

3. Compare your skills with CEFR can-do statements

4. Try TEF or DELF sample exams

Tip: If you’re preparing for TEF Canada or DELF, most immigration processes will look for B1 or B2 levels.

The CEFR Levels Explained for French Exams

How Long Does It Take to Progress Through CEFR Levels?

Many learners wonder how long it takes to move from A1 to B2. While the answer depends on your time, motivation, and exposure to the language, here’s a rough estimate based on average study hours:

If you study consistently for 1 hour per day, you could expect to reach B2 in about 12–18 months. However, immersion, speaking practice, and quality of study can significantly reduce this timeline.

When you have the CEFR levels explained clearly, it’s easier to create a realistic study plan and stay motivated.

Practical Tips for Moving Up the CEFR Ladder

To move effectively from one level to the next, use these strategies:

1. Balance All Four Skills

Focus on reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Many learners only read or memorize vocabulary—don’t neglect speaking and listening!

2. Use Can-Do Statements

The CEFR includes “can-do” descriptors for each level. For example:

• A2: I can describe my family and job using simple language.

• B2: I can present clear arguments for or against a point of view.

These benchmarks help you track practical progress, not just grammar points.

3. Immerse Daily (Even a Little Bit)

Watch French YouTube channels, listen to French podcasts, label items around your home, or talk to yourself in French. Small daily efforts compound over time.

4. Test Yourself Often

Use free online quizzes, apps like Duolingo/Busuu, or take practice TEF/DELF exams. Testing reveals your weak spots and helps you solidify what you’ve learned.

By using these techniques and having the CEFR levels explained as a roadmap, you’re much more likely to reach your goals.

Final Thoughts: Mastering French with the CEFR Levels Explained

With the CEFR levels explained, you’re no longer learning in the dark. These levels give you a clear map—from beginner to fluent—and help you focus your energy where it matters most.

Whether you’re starting from zero or aiming for B2 for Canadian immigration, understanding your CEFR level gives you:

Clear direction
Realistic expectations
Confidence in your learning journey

Next Steps

• Take a CEFR-level placement quiz online

• Download our CEFR checklist PDF

• Book a TEF preparation class tailored to your level

• Join our French learners’ WhatsApp group for daily practice